![]() However, the self-defined burnout and MBI measures are not interchangeable.īurnout health services research measurement. ![]() The self-defined burnout measure has a low response burden, is free to administer, and yields similar associations across two burnout predictors from prior studies. Compared to the MBI, the self-defined burnout measure misses half of high-burnout clinicians and more than 40% of high-burnout staff. Point estimates of burnout notably differ between the self-defined and MBI measures. Team culture and atmosphere were significantly associated with both self-defined burnout and the MBI, confirming concurrent validity. Area under the receiver operator curve was 0.82 for clinicians and 0.81 for staff. The self-defined measure's sensitivity to correctly identify MBI-assessed burnout was 50.4% for clinicians and 58.6% for staff specificity was 94.7% for clinicians and 92.3% for staff. In contrast, 29% of clinicians (95% CI: 25-33%) and 31% of staff (95% CI: 28-35%) reported "definitely burning out" or more severe symptoms on the self-defined burnout measure. Similar to other nationally representative burnout estimates, 52% of clinicians (95% CI: 47-57%) and 46% of staff (95% CI: 42-50%) reported high MBI emotional exhaustion or high MBI cynicism. (J Am Board Fam Med 27(2):229-38, 2014) and a standard question about workplace atmosphere as reported by Rassolian et al. Concurrent validity was assessed using a validated, 7-item team culture scale as reported by Willard-Grace et al. The MBI measure, calculated from a high score on either the emotional exhaustion or cynicism subscale, and a single-item measure of self-defined burnout. To identify the sensitivity, specificity, and concurrent validity of the self-defined burnout measure compared to the more established MBI measure.Ĭross-sectional survey (November 2016-January 2017).įour hundred forty-four primary care clinicians and 606 staff from three San Francisco Aarea healthcare systems. Relatively little is known about how the measures compare. Two common burnout assessments are the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a single-item, self-defined burnout measure. emails, phone conversations or private online material).Clinicians and healthcare staff report high levels of burnout. You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). Double spacing (within and between references).On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order.Īpply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). Place the page, right after the main body and before any appendices. On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Start the reference entry with the source title.įormatting the APA reference page The basics The introduction of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) has paved the way to expand the horizons of burnout research outside the human services, as its dimensions are defined more generally and do not refer to working with recipients 3. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted. It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. *Format the title based on its formatting in the corresponding reference entry (either italicized or, if the title in the reference entry is not italicized, placed in quotation marks). When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol. ![]() The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author.
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